India’s Mango Crisis: A Harbinger of Climate Change?

The Alphonso mango, known as the “King of Mangoes,” is a prized fruit in India and around the world. However, this year’s crop has been decimated by extreme weather conditions, with Maharashtra state alone reporting an estimated 85-90% loss.

Climate change patterns like El Nino have been linked to crop failures across Asia, South America, and Africa. Rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns have become more frequent, affecting crops worldwide. The mango industry is no exception. In India, the world’s largest producer of mangoes, warmer temperatures and unpredictable weather have led to significant losses.

The economic toll of this year’s crop loss will be substantial. India accounts for over 28 million tonnes in mango production annually, with exports valued at around $56 million and pulp worth $80 million. The El Nino phenomenon is expected to continue its effects on crops across these regions, leading to potentially severe long-term consequences.

In areas like Maharashtra’s Devgad, where mangoes and fish are the primary sources of income, a failed crop can have far-reaching effects. As Sanjay Nare, a manufacturer of mango cartons in Malvan, noted: “The economy in this region is sustained by mangoes and fishes… Without our seasonal mangoes (in summer), we have very little else.” This highlights the interconnectedness of rural economies and their reliance on specific crops.

War and trade disruptions have also contributed to the crisis. The ongoing Iran war has led to a decline in exports, with freight charges doubling and delays or cancellations affecting nearly 40% of shipments this year. India relies heavily on exports to countries like the UAE, US, UK, Kuwait, and Qatar.

Research suggests a clear link between rising temperatures and crop failures in various regions. In 2025, the entire mango crop was valued at $2.3 billion – a number expected to grow to $3.4 billion by 2031. This trajectory hints at a growing market demand that may not be met due to factors beyond farmers’ control.

Government-backed surveys and assistance programs are being implemented to mitigate these effects. However, policymakers must acknowledge the role of climate change in exacerbating agricultural losses. Addressing this issue requires comprehensive planning and preparedness – from improving weather forecasting to investing in drought-resistant crops.

India must prioritize diversifying its exports and developing new markets to hedge against future disruptions. Policymakers need to recognize the long-term implications of climate change on agriculture and allocate resources accordingly. Consumers and traders alike should be aware of the environmental factors influencing crop yields.

The Alphonso mango crisis serves as a stark reminder of our reliance on weather patterns that are increasingly unpredictable. As we navigate this uncertainty, it’s crucial to prioritize sustainable practices in agriculture and develop climate-resilient crops – not just for India’s economy but for global food security as well.